**Endoscopy Department – yasrebi Super-Specialty Hospital**

The Endoscopy Department of yasrebi Super-Specialty Hospital, equipped with highly experienced medical staff and renowned physicians, is fully prepared to provide endoscopy, colonoscopy, bronchoscopy, ERCP, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) services to both inpatient and outpatient clients throughout the week.

**Key Services Offered:**

* Performing endoscopy and colonoscopy for both inpatients and outpatients
* Biopsies and polypectomies as required
* Control of gastrointestinal bleeding
* Detection of gastrointestinal tumors
* PEG tube placement for ICU patients

**Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy (EGD)**
Evaluation of the upper gastrointestinal tract (from the oral cavity and esophagus to the upper small intestine) for abnormalities, bleeding, inflammation, etc., using an endoscope by specialized and sub-specialized physicians. This includes both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

**Diagnostic and Therapeutic Colonoscopy**
Evaluation of the lower gastrointestinal tract (large intestine to the lower part of the small intestine) for abnormalities and bleeding using a colonoscope by medical specialists.

**Diagnostic Bronchoscopy**
Examination of the upper respiratory tract from the nasal cavity to the distal bronchi using a bronchoscope.

**Diagnostic Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS)**
Examination of the walls and linings of the upper and lower GI tract and imaging of adjacent organs such as bile ducts, pancreas, and lymph nodes—available for the first time in Kashan.

**ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography)**
This is a high-level, advanced diagnostic and therapeutic method combining endoscopy and fluoroscopy. It allows imaging and treatment of the bile and pancreatic ducts. Stones can be removed, and strictures can be treated using special stents.

During the ERCP procedure, a specialized side-view endoscope is guided through the mouth, esophagus, and stomach into the duodenum. Access is gained to the bile and pancreatic ducts via the ampulla of Vater. Contrast dye is injected, and X-ray fluoroscopy is used for diagnosis. If needed, therapeutic measures such as stone removal, balloon dilation, and stent placement are performed.

**Therapeutic Applications of ERCP:**

* Removal of common bile duct (CBD) stones
* Removal of pancreatic duct stones
* Dilation of benign strictures in the CBD and pancreatic duct
* Stent placement in benign or malignant CBD strictures
* Stent placement in the pancreatic duct
* Addressing stent obstruction due to external compressive masses
* Biopsy of surrounding tumors near the ampulla of Vater and CBD
* Treatment of pancreatic duct stones using balloons or baskets
* Treatment of both benign and malignant biliary duct strictures

A successful ERCP requires a skilled medical team including a gastroenterologist, anesthesiologist, and trained assistants along with appropriate equipment—all of which are available in this hospital’s Endoscopy Department.

**Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE)**
The hospital’s Endoscopy Department is also equipped with TEE capabilities. This non-invasive diagnostic method allows physicians to clearly visualize the heart, its chambers (atria and ventricles), connected arteries (aorta and pulmonary artery), and heart valves.

Compared to transthoracic echocardiography, TEE provides higher-resolution images and allows visualization of areas not easily seen in standard echocardiography.

**Conditions Diagnosable by TEE:**

* Infective endocarditis (heart valve infections)
* Cardiac or major vessel thrombi (e.g., pulmonary embolism)
* Aortic dissection
* Aortic aneurysm
* Evaluation of artificial heart valves

**Other Procedures Offered:**

* **Stent placement:** To relieve esophageal obstruction using a spring-like stent through endoscopy.
* **Band ligation:** Using an elastic band via endoscope to treat esophageal varices and prevent bleeding.
* **PEG tube placement:** A feeding tube surgically inserted into the stomach through the abdominal wall.
* **Intragastric balloon (Weight Loss Balloon):** A temporary air- or fluid-filled balloon inserted via endoscopy to aid weight loss.
* **Achalasia balloon dilation:** Used to treat achalasia, a disorder of the esophageal sphincter.
* **TTS Balloon:** Treats severe gastric outlet obstructions, reducing persistent vomiting.
* **Gastric and colon polypectomy**
* **Foreign body removal** via endoscopy

Before endoscopy, colonoscopy, or bronchoscopy, patients are prepared accordingly, and necessary evaluations such as anesthesia and cardiac consults are performed.

All procedures in this department are conducted by physicians with the support of anesthesiologists and anesthesia technicians.

The department includes a **disinfection room** where all equipment is sterilized using an **automated endoscope washer**, minimizing manual cleaning.

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**Special Facility: Colon Hydrotherapy Device**

yasrebi Super-Specialty Hospital is the **first in Kashan** to offer colon hydrotherapy, a painless, non-invasive, and side-effect-free method to completely cleanse the colon. This procedure serves as a natural alternative to laxatives and castor oil, lasting approximately **30 to 60 minutes**.

**Applications and Benefits of Colon Hydrotherapy:**

* Quick colon preparation for colonoscopy
* Colon preparation for natural childbirth
* Prepping the colon for diagnostic imaging
* Preparing the abdomen for surgery
* Treatment of acute and chronic constipation
* Support in treating acute and chronic diarrhea
* Alleviating symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
* Managing fecal incontinence